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United States — Commentary

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Reviewed 15 September 2013  E-mail: Administrator@LawSource.com

United States Law-Related Periodicals

These are links to federal and national periodicals (that is, non-state-specific law reviews). Publications that provide on-line access to ar­ti­cles are listed in boldface. See also links to all U.S.-published law reviews and periodicals with web sites.

Commentary on United States Constitutional Issues

See also, at the Library of Congress web site, a page on documents related to the constitution.

• Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 … [Yale Law Sch., Avalon Project] — James Madison’s notes on the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia, covering the period May 14 – September 17, 1787. Another version is provided by the Constitution Society.
• The Federalist … [Library of Congress] — See also a Wikipedia article giving an overview along with links to other versions (including an audio version).
• The Founders’ Constitution … [Univ. of Chicago Press and Liberty Fund] — “In this unique anthology, Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner [the editors] draw on the writings of a wide array of people engaged in the problem of making popular government safe, steady, and accountable. The documents included range from the early seventeenth century to the 1830s, from the reflections of philosophers to popular pamphlets, from public debates in ratifying conventions to the private correspondence of the leading political actors of the day.” The web site provides, in addition to the text, a table of contents, an index, and a search function.
• Historic Supreme Court Opinions … [Cornell Law Sch. (N.Y.), Legal Information Inst.] — More than 600 historically important cases accessible by topics, party names, and opinion authors, beginning with Georgia v. Brailsford, 3 U.S. 1 (1794).
• Brown v. Board of Education — Commentary … [Nat’l Park Service] — Commentary on the case and links to resources (along with information about the historic site located in Topeka, Kansas)
• Oral Arguments in the Supreme Court … [IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law (Ill.)] — Audio files in RealAudio format (which requires a free downloadable player as a browser plug-in), providing actual oral argument as delivered in the courtroom, for selected cases.
• Exploring Constitutional Law … [Prof. Douglas O. Linder, Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City Law Sch.] — “This site explores some of the great issues and controversies that surround our Nation’s founding document.” Links are provided to commentary, cases, notes, and materials on numerous topics, such as the power of judicial review, theories of interpretation, the incorporation debate, evolution/creationism, freedom (not) to associate, right to bear arms, student searches, takings of property, the death penalty, liberty of contract, and the right to an abortion (and many others).

Commentary on United States Legislation

1. Congressional Committee Reports:
   Select … 115th Congress (2017–2018) 114th Congress (2015–2016) 113th Congress (2013–2014) 112th Congress (2011–2012) 111th Congress (2009–2010) 110th Congress (2007–2008) 109th Congress (2005–2006) 108th Congress (2003–2004) 107th Congress (2001–2002) 106th Congress (1999–2000) 105th Congress (1997–1998) 104th Congress (1995–1996)
    … Reports are available from the 104th Congress (1995–1996) forward. See also the OpenCongress web site: “Open­Con­gress brings to­ge­ther official government data with news and blog coverage to give you the real story behind each bill.”
2. Congressional Research Service Reports … [Law Librarians’ Society of Washington, D.C.] — The Con­gres­sional Re­search Service does not make its reports available to the public, but selected reports (from about 1990 forward) may be available on the web sites linked here. Report titles, dates, and abstracts, indexed under numerous subject headings, are available at the Penny Hill Press web site (limited to reports issued after 1992), where the texts of reports can be accessed for a fee.
3. Legislative History
   • Legislative Source Book … [Law Librarians’ Society of Washington, D.C.] — Links to many useful sources for legislative history (including the book, below, by McKinney and Sweet).
   • Federal Legislative History Research: A Practitioner’s Guide to Compiling the Documents and Sifting for Legis­la­tive Intent. Richard J. McKinney and Ellen A. Sweet (rev. 2006) … [Law Librarians’ Society of Washington, D.C.]
   • Federal Legislative History Guide … [Univ. of Cincinnati Coll. of Law]
   • Legislative Histories of Selected U.S. Laws … [Law Librarians’ Society of Washington, D.C.] — This is part of the “Legislative Source Book,” above.
4. Bankruptcy Code
   • Bankruptcy Basics … [Admin. Off. of U.S. Courts] — This web site provides basic information to debtors, creditors, court per­sonnel, the media, and the general public on different aspects of the federal bankruptcy laws. It also provides individuals who may be considering bankruptcy with a basic explanation of the different chapters under which a bankruptcy case may be filed and to answer some of the most commonly asked questions about the bankruptcy process.
5. Environmental Legislation
   • The Plain English Guide to the Clean Air Act … [Environmental Protection Agency]
   • Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 … [Environmental Protection Agency] — “This web site provides background in­for­ma­tion on FQPA’s provisions and discusses some of the specific issues raised by FQPA, as well as status of implementation of this important law.”
   • Safe Drinking Water Act … [Environmental Protection Agency]
   • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act — RCRA Orientation Manual … [Environmental Protection Agency] — “This man­ual provides introductory information on solid and hazardous waste management programs under the Resource Con­ser­vation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Also addressed is the basic framework of the RCRA regulatory program … . Ap­pen­dices include a hazardous waste manifest, land disposal restriction notification requirements, underground storage tank notification form, glossary, acronyms and abbreviations, EPA organization chart, and environmental contacts.”
6. Miscellaneous Federal Legislation
   • False Claims Act — Questions and Answers … [Perry & Campanelli, LLP (N.Y.)]

Commentary on United States Regulatory Activity

United States Law-Discussion Forums

These are interactive discussion groups on law-related topics (not including law-related newsgroups). Some organizations that call themselves “forums” are linked elsewhere under “Organizations Related to the Practice of Law.”

1. Web Logs — Blogs — Blawgs … Law-related web logs (blogs), sometimes called “blawgs,” abound. The links here point to compiled lists of URLs for selected blawgs.
   • Law Blog Metrics: A Taxonomy of Legal Blogs… [Ian Best, Esq. (Ohio)]
   • The Blogs of Law … [Internet for Lawyers, Inc. (Cal.)] — “The Blogs of Law is meant to be a comprehensive index of law-related blogs on the Internet.”
2. American Bar Association Forums:
   Select … Affordable Housing & Community Development Air and Space Law Communications Law Construction Industry Entertainment and Sports Industry Franchising
3. Martindale-Hubbell Forums:
   Select … Bankruptcy Business Law Civil Rights Class Actions Consumer Law Criminal Law Employment Law Family Law Immigration Law Personal Injury Law Real Estate Law Small Claims Taxation Trusts, Wills & Estates
    … These are consumer-oriented forums: questions from nonlawyers are addressed by lawyers. The company also sponsors Law Blog on Lawyers.com, a forum for discussions between lawyers.
4. Independent Forums
   • Constitutional and Legal History: H-Law … [American Society for Legal History] — For the “discussion of issues relating to teaching and research in the history of all legal traditions: common-law, civil-law, and all other legal systems.”

Other United States Commentary

1. Collections of On-line Articles
   • eJournal USA … [U.S. State Dep’t] — This is an electronic journal in which U.S. law-related articles often are published. Versions in other languages (French and Spanish as well as some other languages) are available.
   • JURIST: Articles On-line … Articles by law professors and others (students, lawyers in practice, government officials) on various subjects. Some have been published, others are available only on-line at this site.
   • “legal.online” Columns by Robert J. Ambrogi … Robert J. Ambrogi’s syndicated column “legal.online” appears monthly in various legal periodicals. He also writes the monthly “Web Watch” column for American Lawyer Media’s Law Technology News, a legal technology magazine.
2. Topical On-line Articles
   • “Considerations for Innocent Domain Name Owners” … [Oppedahl & Larson LLP (Colo.)] — “This page offers some general comments for [innocent] domain name owners to assist them in avoiding loss of their domain names.”
   • Copyright and Trademark … [Lloyd J. Jassin, Esq. (N.Y.)]
   • “A Lawyer’s Guide to Cross-Cultural Depositions” … [Nina Ivanichvili / All Language Alliance, Inc. (Colo.)] — “This article addresses ways of overcoming some challenges of a cross-cultural deposition. For purposes of this article, a cross-cultural deposition is one in which the attorney is English-speaking (generally American-born), and the deponent is foreign-born and speaks limited or no English. In other words, a cross-cultural deposition is one in which the attorney and the deponent do not share the same cultural archetypes and common linguistic patterns.” This article was originally published at 32 Colorado Lawyer 81 (July 2003), which is accessible on-line to members of the Colorado Bar Association.
3. Tribal Law Profiles:
   Select … Cherokee Nation (Okla.) Navajo Nation (Ariz.) Oglala Lakota Nation (S.D.) Pueblo of Laguna (N.M.) … These are published in the Tribal Law Journal by the University of New Mexico School of Law.
4. United States Court Decisions
   • LII’s Eye on the Courts: Newsworthy Decisions Available on the Net … [Cornell Law Sch. (N.Y.), Legal Information Inst.] — When a high-profile case is placed on the internet a link to the decision is entered here, along with links to background legal material, as available; cases from all state and federal courts may be listed.
   • Annual Eleventh Circuit Survey … [Mercer Univ. Sch. of Law] — The Mercer Law Review publishes the Eleventh Circuit survey as the summer issue each year. The most-recent survey issue usually is available on-line.

United States Law-Related Topical Web Sites

1. Admiralty Law … See also Maritime Law, below.
   • Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide … [Todd Kenyon, Esq. (N.Y. & N.J.)] — A guide to online resources and web sites concerning admiralty and maritime law, with an emphasis on the law of the United States.
2. Agriculture Law
   • Compilations of Federal Agriculture Laws … [U.S. Sen. Cmte. on Agriculture, Nutrition & Forestry] — “Compilations on this website contain a text version of Federal agricultural laws, as amended by subsequent Public Laws, and enacted by the Public Law on the date indicated on the first page of each compilation. Although substantial efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy and currency of the compilations, the providers of the compilations are not responsible for any errors in the compilations and will update these texts only as time permits. The compilations are provided as a service to the public and do not represent official versions of any Federal statute.”
   • National Center for Agricultural Law Research and Information … [Univ. of Ark. Sch. of Law] — This federally mandated and funded entity conducts research and analysis and provides up-to-date information to farmers and agri-businesses, attorneys, community groups, and others confronting agricultural law issues involving many topics including government farm programs, farm finance and credit, hired labor practices, land use, liability and insurance coverage, environmental law, international trade and biotechnology.
3. Alternative Dispute Resolution
   • Methods of Dispute Settlement in International Law … [Univ. of Cincinnati Coll. of Law]
4. American Indian Law … See Native American Law, below.
5. Americans With Disabilities Act
   • ADA Home Page — Information and Technical Assistance on the Americans with Disabilities Act … [U.S. Justice Dept.]
   • ADA Hot Links and Document Center … [Job Accommodation Network / West Virginia Univ.] — Links to various legal resources including the Americans with Disabilities Act.
6. Animal Law
   • Animal Rights Law … [Rutgers Sch. of Law — Newark (N.J.)] — Collection of legal briefs, educational materials, and case studies for U.S. laws in such areas as policy toward animals on public lands, students’ and conscientious objectors’ rights to avoid harming animals, alternatives to lethal animal control policies, religious animal sacrifice, and actions by private citizens to compel enforcement of state and federal animal-welfare and anti-cruelty acts. See also the web site for the Animal Legal Defense Fund.
7. Antitrust Law
   • Antitrust Policy … [Luke M. Froeb, Ph.D., Vanderbilt Univ. (Tenn.)] — Eclectic collection of antitrust case documents (complaints, opinions, and expert testimony), enforcement guidelines and speeches, economic bibliographies, and current antitrust issues in the news. Note: The original web site at www.antitrust.org is evidently defunct. The link here points to the version as of November 2004 that is maintained at the Internet Archive.
8. Bankruptcy Law
   • Bankruptcy LawTrove … [Warren E. Agin, Esq. (Mass.)] — This database (formerly known as the Bankruptcy Lawfinder) has links to bank­ruptcy-related resources.
   • InterNet Bankruptcy Library … Bankcruptcy data, news, and information for members of the legal, financial and educational communities.
9. Business Law
   • Business Owner’s Toolkit … [Wolters Kluwer] — “Thousands of pages of information and tools to help you start, run and grow your business.” Downloadable checklists, model business plans, forms, and other documents. Interactive employment tools and coursework. Small-business online advice columnist.
   • World Trade Organization Documents … [World Trade Organization] — “This database provides access to the official documentation of the World Trade Organization, including the legal texts of the WTO agreements.” Documents are available in English, French, and Spanish.
10. Computer Law
    • CompLaw, the Computer Law Resource … [Samuel Lewis, Shepard Broad Law Ctr., Nova Southeastern Univ. (Fla.)] — Dedicated to providing information concerning intellectual property law, internet and computer law, and general legal issues to both lawyers and non-lawyers on the internet. See also Intellectual Property, below.
11. Construction Law
    • Construction Risk Management Library … [Kent Holland, Esq. (Va.)] — Risk management information including articles, newsletters, and links to useful websites.
12. Consumer Law
    • Consumer Law Page … [Alexander Law Firm (Cal.)] — Topics of interest for consumers and the plaintiff’s bar.
    • Federal Reserve Board — Consumer Brochures … More than a dozen brochures on topics such as, for example, credit protection laws, adjustable-rate mortgages, vehicle leasing, and financial privacy.
13. Copyrights … See also Intellectual Property — In General, below.
    • Copyright and Fair Use … [Stanford Univ. (Cal.)] — Links to primary materials, current legislation, cases, issues, other resources on the internet, and overviews of copyright law.
    • General Information About Copyrights … [Oppedahl & Larson LLP (Colo.)]
    • Locating Copyright Holders … [Lloyd J. Jassin, Esq. (N.Y.)] — Information and links “to help you plan your permission strategy and locate copyright holders more easily.”
    • Publishing Law Center … [Lloyd L. Rich, Esq. (Colo.)]
    • Search Copyright Records: Registrations and Documents … [U.S. Copyright Office] — “Search copyright information by selecting . . . [one of three databases], which contain records of registrations and ownership documents since 1978. Please note it takes several months for recent registrations to appear in the databases. Note: This is an alternative, experimental search method for short, simple searches and occasional users. You may also still use the traditional LOCIS system.”
14. Crimes • Crime Victims • Criminal Law
    • ABA Criminal Justice Standards … [American Bar Ass’n] — These are the “black letter” standards, without the commentary that can be found in hard-copy editions; however, PDF files containing both the standards and commentary are linked for downloading (and some of those files are very large). The ABA criminal justice standards, first published in 1968 and continually revised since, combine carefully drafted guidelines (many of which have been adapted at both the state level and the federal level in the drafting of rules of criminal procedure) with extensive commentary, including a review of pertinent case law.
    • National Crime Victim Law Institute … [Lewis & Clark Law Sch.] — “Established in 2000, the National Crime Victim Law Institute (NCVLI) is committed to the enforcement and protection of victims’ rights in the criminal justice system. It is the only organization of its kind in the United States. [¶] As a non-profit research and educational organization, NCVLI can assist attorneys who provide direct legal services, file amicus briefs to advocate for victims, and conduct research and provide information on issues concerning victims’ legal rights.”
    • National Criminal Justice Reference Service … NCJRS is a federally sponsored information resource that assists practitioners, policymakers, researchers, and others involved with criminal and juvenile justice, drug policy, and victimization. The web site features more than 1,800 full-text publications, a searchable abstracts database, a calendar of events, and reference and referral services.
    • Directory of Crime Victim Services … [U.S. Justice Department, Office for Victims of Crime] — The web site is “designed to help service providers and individuals locate nonemergency crime victim service agencies in the United States and abroad.” Search by location, type of victimization, service needed, or agency type.
15. Cyberspace Law
    • Chilling Effects Clearinghouse … [Harvard Univ., Berkman Center for Internet & Society] — “The Chilling Effects database collects and analyzes legal complaints and requests for removal of online materials, helping Internet users to know their rights and understand the law. These data enable us to study the prevalence of legal threats and let Internet users see the source of content removals.”
    • Global E-Commerce Law … [Baker & McKenzie (Ill.)] — “This site tracks the rapidly changing legal developments critical to doing business in the global electronic marketplace. Whether you're interested in e-commerce legislation and regulations, uniform law initiatives, legal commentary, court decisions, or other legal resources, we hope this site will help you make the right connections.”
    • Internet Law Library … [Martin H. Samson, Esq. (N.Y.)] — “The Internet Law Library . . . features extensive summaries of . . . court decisions shaping the law of the web; providing facts, analysis and pertinent quotes from cases of interest to those who do business on the Internet and in New Media. These court decisions address a broad array of topics, including copyright and trademark infringement, dilution and other intellectual property issues, jurisdiction, linking, framing, keying, meta tags, pop-up ads, consumer complaint or gripe sites, tax, clip-art, online defamation, domain name disputes, e-mail, privacy, subpoenas, MP3s, encryption, gambling, click-wrap agreements, shrink wrap licenses, and spam, among others. Decisions applying and interpreting a number of statutes, such as the Communications Decency Act, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, and the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, are also analyzed.”
16. Divorce and Domestic Relations
    • DivorceInteractive.com … [Carl M. Palatnik, C.F.P. (N.Y.)]
    • Divorce Net: Family Law Advice on Divorce … [LawTek Media Group (Mass.)]
17. E-Commerce … See Cyberspace Law, above.
18. Elder Law … See also “An Older Person’s Guide to Finding Legal Help” (formerly published at the Federal Citizen Information Center) by Legal Counsel for the Elderly, Inc., which is connected with the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP).
    • National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA) … [National Ass’n of State Units on Aging] — “The National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA), funded by the U.S. Administration on Aging, is a gateway to resources on elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation.”
    • National Elder Law Network … [William Mitchell Coll. of Law (Minn.) / University of Kansas Sch. of Law] — This web site has links to various on-line resources concerning legal issues affecting elderly individuals.
    • National Senior Citizens Law Center (NSCLC) … “NSCLC staff works with legal services offices and senior organizations throughout the U.S. to provide quality advice and service. NSCLC staff attorneys serve as counsel in litigation, provide expert analysis on federal policy, train advocates to better represent their clients and educate through our publications.”
19. Elections and Politics Law
    • Campaign Disclosure Law Database … [UCLA Sch. of Law / Ctr. for Governmental Studies / California Voter Foundation] — “This innovative collection of statutes, regulations and forms allows users to view and compare the disclosure laws in 50 states, DC and the federal government. The database is divided into 25 categories and 105 subcategories, and includes information on topics as diverse as contributor information, loans to campaigns, electronic filing, enforcement rules and independent expenditures.”
20. Employment Law
    • Employment Law Information Network … [Patrick J. Della Valle, J.D. (Pa.) dba elinfonet.com, LLC] — This “is a no charge legal resource web site that is designed for employment lawyers, in-house employment counsel and human resource professionals.”
21. Environmental Law
    • Summary of Environmental Law in North America … [North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation (Quebec, Canada)] — Extensive overview (despite the “summary” label) of environmental law in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Versions are available also in French and Spanish.
    • DOE Environmental Policy & Guidance  … [U.S. Energy Dep’t] — Links to laws, regulations, and policies respecting the government’s oversight of issues affecting the environment.
22. Estate Planning
    • Wills, Trusts & Estates … [National Paralegal Coll.] — This is presented as a sample course related to the following invitation: “Attorneys who are interested in paralegal training at NPC are invited to view representative samples of our lectures, courseware, syllabi, assignments and exams; or to view sample courses, which demonstrate the depth of our paralegal certificate and degree programs.”
23. Farmland Protection
    • State Farmland Protection Statutes … [American Farmland Trust, Farmland Information Library (Ill.)] — Links to on-line versions of statutes and related sources for the protection of farmland.
24. Federal Law Enforcement
    • Federal Enforcement Agencies’ Activities … [Syracuse Univ., Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC)] — “The purpose of TRAC is to provide the American people — and institutions of oversight such as Congress, news organizations, public interest groups, businesses, scholars and lawyers — with comprehensive information about the activities of federal enforcement and regulatory agencies, and the communities in which they take place.” There are separate TRAC Web Sites describing the enforcement activities and staffing patterns of the FBI, the IRS, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.
25. First Amendment
    • First Amendment Center … [Vanderbilt Univ. (Tenn.)] — A forum for dialogue, discussion and debate on free expression and freedom of information issues (successor to the Gannett Foundation), with a mission to foster a greater public understanding of and appreciation for First Amendment rights and values, including freedom of religion, free speech and free press, and the right to assemble peaceably and to petition government.
    • Religious Liberty Archive … [Rothgerber Johnson & Lyons LLP (Colo.)] — “The Religious Liberty Archive is an extensive repository of valuable information and a useful resource for anyone seeking information about state and federal laws pertaining to religious freedom in the United States. View Supreme Court cases and commentaries, state statutes, and important historical documents and speeches relevant to religious freedom in the United States.”
26. Forensic Science
    • Forensic Psychiatry … [Harold J. Bursztajn, M.D.] — This resource site was developed by the co-director of the Psychiatry and Law Program at Harvard Medical School as a source of information on both fundamental themes and recent developments in this area.
    • Forensic Science Resources in a Criminal Fact Investigation … Extensive well-organized collection of links and a bibliography of print sources, maintained by a public defender in Tennessee.
    • Forensic Toxicology … [Alan Barbour] — A guide to experts, laboratories, and forensic toxicology links.
27. Forfeiture
    • Forfeiture Laws … [F.E.A.R., Inc. (Cal.)] — Various resources on forfeiture laws and practices, provided by a Section 501(c)(4) lobbying organization dedicated to reforming the laws to restore due process and protect property rights in the forfeiture process. The related F.E.A.R. Foundation is a Section 501(c)(3) organization that assists forfeiture victims, provides a clearing house for information, and educates the public on the abuses of forfeiture laws.
28. Health Law
    • Medical and Public Health Law Site … [Prof. Edward P. Richards, Univ. of Missouri — Kansas City Sch. of Law]
    • Mental Health Law … [Bazelon Ctr. for Mental Health Law] — Numerous resources (for example: case lists and legal analyses on fair housing law, outpatient commitment, the Americans With Disabilities Act, and access to Medicaid-funded mental health services).
29. Historic Preservation
    • Historic Preservation Law Source … [National Council for Preservation Education, Inc. / Cornell Univ.] — Major federal and state legislation affecting preservation, as well as major preservation court cases, historic district ordinances, and constitutional provisions. Also available are models for preservation ordinances, constitutional amendments, enforcements provisions and other important legal mechanisms, as well as additional legal information. See also the National Center for Preservation Technology and Training.
30. Human Rights … See also International Law, below.
    • Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, Don’t Pursue … [Stanford Law Sch., Robert Crown Law Library (Cal.)] — Materials on the U.S. military’s policy on sexual orientation, from World War I to the present, as well as materials on related legal issues (e.g., the Solomon-Pombo Amendment).
    • Project Diana: Online Human Rights Archive … [Yale Law Sch.] — This project is no longer active. The link now points to a site where some of the material, formerly at the Project Diana web site, has been archived. Project Diana was an international archive of human rights legal documentation, maintained under the guidance of the Orville H. Schell, Jr. Center for International Human Rights at Yale Law School. It was designed to be a reference tool for research in human rights law, with online litigation documents and links to reference sites throughout the internet.
    • Human Rights Resource Center … [Univ. of Minn. Human Rights Library] — Resources and information regarding human rights and human rights education as well as international instruments and other documents; also provides links to other sites that may be relevant to human rights. The primary goal is to demonstrate that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights documents are as relevant to life in the U.S. as they are to life in other countries, and to improve the protection of human rights in American communities by increasing Americans’ awareness of these rights.
    • “Abortion and Free Speech: Applying the ‘Prior Restraint’ Doctrine to Abortion Law” by Andrew T. Hyman, Esq. (Conn.) … See also “The A Word” (some quotes related to abortion and the law) by the same author.
31. Immigration Law
    • American Immigration Resources on the Internet … [Information Technology Associates, Inc. (N.Y.)]
    • Immigration Information Network … [India Network Services, Inc. (Ohio)]
    • National Immigration Law Center (NILC) … The NILC is “a national support center whose mission is to protect and promote the rights and opportunities of low income immigrants and their family members. NILC staff specialize in immigration law, and the employment and public benefits rights of immigrants. The Center conducts policy analysis and impact litigation and provides publications, technical advice, and trainings to a broad constituency of legal aid agencies, community groups, and pro bono attorneys. [¶] NILC maintains offices in Los Angeles, Oakland, and Washington, D.C. and operates the Sacramento policy office for the California Immigrant Welfare Collaborative.”
32. Income Tax … See Taxation, below.
33. Indian Law … See Native American Law, below.
34. Intellectual Property — In General … See also Copyrights, above, and Patents, below.
    • BitLaw: A Resource on Technology Law … [Daniel A. Tysver, Beck & Tysver (Minn.)] — A comprehensive internet resource on tech­nology law, containing over 1,800 pages on patent, copyright, trademark, and internet legal issues.
    • Intellectual Property Mall … [Franklin Pierce Law Ctr. (N.H.)] — Collection of intellectual property resources intended to offer one-stop shopping for intellectual property professionals in academia, business, and science, as well as for inventors and entrepreneurs.
    • Summaries of Cases in State and Federal Courts … [Willamette Univ. Coll. of Law] — For cases from the most recent four years, this service publishes weekly summaries of holdings in federal and state cases involving copyright, patent, trademark, and trade secret law. A search function is provided. A free e-mail subscription is available (to receive the weekly summaries by e-mail).
    • General Information About Trademarks … [Oppedahl & Larson LLP (Colo.)]
35. International Law … See also links to U.S. international law sources (such as treaties).
    • Electronic Information System for International Law (EISIL) … [American Society of International Law] — This is “a free online database that organizes and provides links to, and useful information on, web resources covering the full spectrum of international law.” See also the ASIL’s Electronic Resource Guide, “designed to be used by students, teachers, practitioners, and researchers as a self-guided tour of relevant, quality, up-to-date online resources covering important areas of international law.”
    • International Humanitarian Law … [International Committee of the Red Cross] — A treaty database, with around 100 treaties, commentaries on the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, and an up-to-date list of the signatories, as well as an implementation database.
36. Internet Law … See Cyberspace Law, above.
37. Jewish Law
    • Jewish Law: Examining Halacha, Jewish Issues, and Secular Law … [Ira Kasdan et al. (D.C.)] — “In order to forge a better understanding of the interaction between Halacha and secular law, Jewish Law presents a wealth of information — much of which is exclusive in cyberspace to this website — on Halacha, Jewish issues and secular law.” This site provides articles, case summaries from federal state courts, briefs, forms, discussion forums, and more.
38. Litigation
    • Famous Trials … [Prof. Douglas O. Linder, Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City Law Sch.] — Information and materials related to famous trials, most of them in American history (but some from elsewhere, such as the trials of Oscar Wilde). Profiles of trial heroes (for example, Clarence Darrow). Links to additional similar web sites.
    • Litigation Articles & Legal Research Collection … [Gene Albert, Esq. (Tex.) dba Lexbe LC] — This is a “free collection of hundreds of recently published articles of interest to litigators and related legal professionals. All articles are full-text, written by lawyers and have been published as part of continuing legal education (CLE) seminars, in legal journals, or are of similar quality.”
    • Verdicts and Settlements … [Morlan and Associates (Okla.)] — Freely accessible verdict and settlement reports for cases from every jurisdiction in the United States (beginning in 1995), often containing the names and areas of expertise of forensic experts called to testify for the parties.
39. Loans
    • Lender Liability Law Page
40. Maritime Law … See also Admiralty Law, above.
    • Compilation of Federal Maritime Laws … [U.S. Maritime Administration]
41. Mental Health … See Health Law, above.
42. Military Law
    • Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, Don’t Pursue … [Stanford Law Sch., Robert Crown Law Library (Cal.)] — Materials on the U.S. military’s policy on sexual orientation, from World War I to the present, as well as materials on related legal issues (e.g., the Solomon-Pombo Amendment).
    • Military Legal Resources … [Library of Congress]
43. Native American Law
    • Native American Constitution and Law Digitization Project … [Univ. of Oklahoma Law Library and National Indian Law Library] — A collection of tribal constitutions and codes as well as charters, historical constitutions, information on Indian land titles, and summaries of Supreme Court decisions involving Native Americans and their legal interests.
    • Tribal Court Clearinghouse
44. Patents … See also Intellectual Property, above.
    • Free Patents Online Database … [Ryley Assocs. (Md.)] — A searchable and browsable database of U.S. patents, from number 4,000,000 forward. Patent documents are free to download as PDF files.
    • General Information About Patentts … [Oppedahl & Larson LLP (Colo.)]
    • Patent Cafe … [Andy Gibbs (Cal.)] — A smorgasboard site with information and links of interest to inventors and patent attorneys.
45. Political Law … See Elections and Politics Law, above.
46. Population Law
    • Annual Review of Population Law … [Harvard Sch. of Public Health (Mass.)] — “This web site contains a database of summaries and excerpts of legislation, constitutions, court decisions, and other official government documents from every country in the world relating to population policies, reproductive rights and health, women’s status and rights, children and adolescents, HIV/AIDS and related topics.”
47. Privacy
    • Privacy Law & Policy Home Page … [Prof. Peter Swire, Moritz Coll. of Law, Ohio St. Univ.] — Assorted information on privacy issues including the EC Directive on Data Protection and links to internet privacy sites and some U.S. privacy laws.
48. Qui Tam Actions
    • Qui Tam Information Center … A place for whistleblowers and attorneys to gain information and help in pursuing qui tam actions. See also the False Claims Act [31 U.S.C. § 3729 et seq.].
49. Securities Law
    • EDGAR Database (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval) … [Securities & Exchange Commission] — Performs automated collection, validation, indexing, acceptance, and forwarding of submissions by companies and others that are required by law to file forms with the SEC. Documents filed electronically after 1993 can be retrieved. An alternative interface is available at FreeEDGAR.
    • Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) … See also the separate Nasdaq site as well as pages for regulation and dispute resolution.
    • Investor Protection Trust … Provides independent, objective information needed by consumers to make informed investment decisions. It was founded in 1993 as part of a multi-state settlement to resolve charges of misconduct. Its two major functions are (1) serving as an independent source of non-commercial investor education materials and (2) assisting in the prosecution of securities fraud.
    • SEC Enforcement Division … Information on pending enforcement action, trading suspensions, investor alerts, and insider trading, as well as how to contact the SEC and other agencies about fraud.
    • SecLaw.Com — An Online Guide to Securities Law … [Mark J. Astarita, Esq. (N.Y.)] — Includes links to a monthly newsletter, discussion forum, and listserv as well as “centers” focused on arbitration, brokers’ information, corporate finance, investors’ information, and law and compliance. Featured are links to “Significant Securities Law Court Decisions” selected by the site’s creator.
    • Securities Class Action Clearinghouse … [Stanford Law Sch. (Cal.)] — “The Stanford Clearinghouse offers investors, the judiciary, policymakers, and the media a powerful new research tool that provides a deep and careful look into the workings of class action litigation. [¶] By digitizing and linking the full text of complaints, motions, judicial opinions, and other major class action filings into a Website with its own full-text search engine, the Stanford Clearinghouse offers information that is substantially more detailed and timely than can be found on other services which generally limit their databases to judicial decisions.”
    • Securities Industryand Financial Markets Association … Members are firms (including investment banks, broker-dealers, and mutual fund companies) active in all U.S. and foreign markets and in all phases of corporate and public finance. It was formed through a merger of the Securities Industry Association and the Bond Market Association.
    • “Securities Law” … [Michael T. Raymond, Esq. (Mich.)] — A 1993 series of articles designed to acquaint non-lawyers with the basics of securities law.
50. Senior Citizens … See Elder Law, above.
51. Taxation
    • Other sites with collections of links to tax-related sources: Schmidt Enterprises’ Tax and Accounting Sites Directory • Alan G. Kalman’s Tax Resources on the Web • Prof. James Edward Maule’s Tax Master
    • A.B.A. Section of Taxation
    • American Taxation Association … This actually is a section of the American Accounting Association.
    • Federation of Tax Administrators … Represents the interests of state tax administrators before federal policymakers where appropriate and provides various services to state tax authorities and administrators.
    • The Investment FAQ: Tax Code … [Christopher Lott (N.J.)] — Collection of articles that “describe aspects of the U.S. tax code as it affects investors, such as computing the cost basis of an investment.”
    • National Tax Association
    • Tax Analysts, Inc. … Nonprofit organization to encourage development of fiscal systems that are fair, simple and economically efficient. Provides timely, comprehensive information to tax professionals at reasonable cost. Publisher of Tax Notes magazine and full-text documents in electronic format as well as its own current-awareness resource, TaxBase, on the internet, which provides comprehensive daily news and documents at a substantially lower price than the commercial services.
    • Uncle Fed’s Tax Board … [National Tax Services, Inc. (Va.)] — Self-described as the “Complete Online Resource for Tax Relief,” this site includes, among many resources, articles on surviving the IRS.